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2077 Research

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Articles

Spectra Finance: Moving Toward a More Robust DeFi IRD Ecosystem

07 Mar 2025

28 min read

Spectra makes DeFi interest rates more predictable with fixed yields, tradable future yields, and better tools for managing risk.

How To Make Cross-Chain Tokens Fungible Again: Part II

27 Feb 2025

26 min read

ERC-7281 enhances token bridging with decentralization, security, and flexibility, gaining adoption from key industry players. Learn why it matters for Ethereum L2.

A Complete Guide to Uniswap V4

27 Feb 2025

29 min read

Discover Uniswap V4's innovations like Singleton Architecture, Flash Accounting, and Hooks. Learn how they enhance efficiency, scalability, and user experience.

Flatcoins: The Stablecoins With Their Own Price

27 Feb 2025

11 min read

Explore flatcoins, an innovative alternative to stablecoins, using on-chain mechanisms to reduce volatility without relying on fiat currencies.

Can DeSci Save Science?

06 Mar 2025

33 min read

Exploring the promise and limits of DeSci in transforming scientific research.

Optimizing Ethereum Gas Efficiency With Multidimensional EIP-1559

27 Feb 2025

10 min read

Explore how multidimensional EIP-1559 optimizes Ethereum's gas efficiency by separating resource costs, enhancing scalability, and improving network utilization.

Neverending Options: Trading Options To Infinity And Beyond

27 Feb 2025

11 min read

Explore the evolution of crypto options and perpetual futures, including innovations like panoptions, and the challenges of liquidity and decentralization.

Charting Ethereum's Account Abstraction Roadmap II: EIP-7377 & EIP-5003

27 Feb 2025

21 min read

In part II of the account abstraction roadmap series, we discuss EOA migration: a controversial approach to bringing the benefits of smart, programmable accounts to users.

Futures of Ethereum II: Improving Censorship Resistance

27 Feb 2025

16 min read

This piece on the Futures of Ethereum explores its ongoing fight for censorship resistance, examining the impact of regulatory pressure, the role of Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS), and potential solutions like encrypted mempools to keep the network neutral and decentralized.

The Hitchhiker's Guide To Dark Pools In DeFi: Part Three

27 Feb 2025

17 min read

In this final part of our series on dark pools, we dive into Railgun—a privacy-enhancing, zk-powered protocol for anonymous, scalable, and auditable DeFi interactions—and explore what’s next for dark pools.

Defining Interest Rates for Stablecoins

27 Feb 2025

10 min read

In this article about stablecoins, we shed light on interest rates, a critical factor behind their stability. We explore governance-driven, algorithmic, and game-theoretic models for setting these rates, showing how issuers balance decentralization, risk, and market efficiency.

The Hitchhiker's Guide To Dark Pools In DeFi: Part Two

27 Feb 2025

12 min read

In part II of our three-part series on DeFi dark pools, we examine Tristero: a perfomant, privacy-focused DEX built using Trusted Execution Environment (TEEs).

The Hitchhiker's Guide To Dark Pools In DeFi: Part One

27 Feb 2025

30 min read

After reshaping TradFi, dark pools are making inroads into DeFi. We explore the fundamentals of dark pools and and the impact on DeFi markets in this article.

Starknet: Unlocking Better Performance With Cairo-Native Execution

28 Feb 2025

10 min read

Starknet's Cairo-native execution utilizes its custom programming language, Cairo, to boost scalability, cut costs, and improve smart contract performance.

Futures of Ethereum I: From Beacon Chain to Beam Chain

27 Feb 2025

18 min read

Building on Ethereum's 2024 developments, this article explores the Beam Chain proposal introduced by Justin Drake at Devcon, aiming to overhaul Ethereum's consensus layer by addressing MEV insights, leveraging SNARK advancements, and eliminating Beacon Chain's technical debt.

To Pump The Gas Or Not: Analyzing The Ethereum Gas Limit Debate

27 Feb 2025

12 min read

Ethereum's proposed gas limit increase aims to unlock new possibilities for dapps by expanding network capacity. However, it raises critical considerations about decentralization.

Nuffle: Ethereum's Finality-As-A-Service Layer

27 Feb 2025

32 min read

The article explores NFFL, a fast cross-rollup state verification protocol using EigenLayer’s restaked ETH and NEAR DA, enabling secure, efficient, and scalable cross-chain applications with fast finality.

How To Make Cross-Chain Tokens Fungible Again: Part I

27 Feb 2025

30 min read

This two-part report explores ERC-7281: a new proposal to make cross-chain tokens fungible. Part 1 introduces the problem (non-fungibility of bridged tokens) and analyzes current solutions.

Chain Abstraction: Orchestrating Towards the New Internet's Composability

27 Feb 2025

26 min read

The article explores blockchain fragmentation issues and introduces chain abstraction as a solution to unify state, liquidity, and assets across multiple chains. It highlights Socket protocol's role in enabling seamless user experiences and multichain composability for dApps and developers.

The Verge: Making Ethereum Verifiable And Sustainable

27 Feb 2025

39 min read

Explore how "The Verge," a pivotal Ethereum upgrade, leverages Verkle trees to enhance verifiability and sustainability. This article breaks down its role in reducing storage needs and driving network scalability.

ERC-7683: Unifying Ethereum With Cross-Chain Intents

27 Feb 2025

25 min read

This article explores ERC-7683, a standard for crosschain intents that enables seamless multichain transactions, improves liquidity flow, and fosters interoperability through shared infrastructure and industry collaboration.

DePIN On Ethereum: Redefining Coordination Systems

27 Feb 2025

28 min read

DePIN brings Ethereum's global coordination to the physical world. Learn how Ethereum DePIN networks solve problems across energy, telecom, compute, and more.

EIP-7762 & EIP-7691: Making Ethereum Blobs Great Again

27 Feb 2025

13 min read

The article explores EIP-7762 and EIP-7691, focusing on optimizing blob pricing and increasing blob throughput to enhance Ethereum's data availability layer, while balancing scalability, consensus security, and rollup efficiency.

Bringing Permissionless Lending: Making Sense of Euler

27 Feb 2025

12 min read

Explore how Euler v2 revolutionizes DeFi lending with modular architecture, ERC-4626 vaults, and permissionless customization, enabling tailored lending markets, seamless interoperability, and efficient value capture for diverse assets and users.

The Practical Guide to Ethereum Rollups

28 Feb 2025

70 min read

An extensive exploration of Ethereum rollups, how they work, and how we can enhance their security properties.

Charting Ethereum's Account Abstraction Roadmap I: EIP-3074, EIP-5806 & EIP-7702

28 Feb 2025

28 min read

An overview of Ethereum accounts and transaction validity, and the push for account abstraction via EOA programmability.

UniFi: Rethinking the Ethereum Approach to Rollups

28 Feb 2025

15 min read

A new based restaking rollup design that enhances economic security and efficiency for rollups, addressing key challenges like transaction revenue loss and providing credible commitments for transaction outcomes.

Wildcat: Undercollateralized Credit Expansion for Fun and Profit 2.0

28 Feb 2025

15 min read

Exploring the Wildcat approach to bringing undercollateralized loans onchain and making DeFi accessible.

The State Of Fraud Proofs In Ethereum L2s

28 Feb 2025

57 min read

A comprehensive analysis of fraud proof systems in Ethereum rollups. Featuring Arbitrum, Optimism, Cartesi, & Kroma.

Unpacking The Starknet Bolt Upgrade

28 Feb 2025

18 min read

A comprehensive overview of Starknet’s 'Bolt' upgrade, which introduces parallel execution and block packing for improved performance. Learn how these changes boost scalability by reducing confirmation times and lowering costs.

EIP-1559: Separating Mechanisms From Memes

28 Feb 2025

25 min read

A deep dive into Ethereum's EIP-1559 transaction fee mechanism design and its misunderstood value and potential.

Block-STM vs. Sealevel: A Comparison of Parallel Execution Engines

28 Feb 2025

70 min read

Analysis of functional parallelization in blockchain execution.

EIP-7685: General Purpose Execution Layer Requests

28 Feb 2025

27 min read

EIP-7685 introduces a framework for Ethereum's execution layer to handle general-purpose contract-triggered requests. The article explores how the proposal enhances interaction between the execution and consensus layers, enabling more versatile operations.

EIP-7623: Repricing Calldata For Ethereum Transactions

28 Feb 2025

13 min read

This article delves into EIP-7623, a proposal to increase calldata costs in Ethereum transactions, aiming to reduce maximum block sizes and improve network efficiency. Discover how this change impacts data-heavy transactions and the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

The State of Rollup Interoperability Solutions in 2024

28 Feb 2025

29 min read

How can we fix L2 fragmentation and save Ethereum's rollup-centric roadmap?

EIP-7657: Securing Ethereum's Sync Committee

28 Feb 2025

23 min read

EIP-7657 introduces a slashing condition for malicious sync committee messages to improve the security and reliability of light clients on the Ethereum network.

Understanding Blockchain Governance

28 Feb 2025

8 min read

Blockchain governance includes formal mechanisms like protocol upgrades and on-chain voting, alongside informal processes such as community discussions and social media influence. Understanding these dynamics is key for stakeholders shaping the future of blockchain ecosystems.

ERC-5564 & ERC-6358: Unlocking Privacy on Ethereum with Stealth Addresses

28 Feb 2025

17 min read

This article explores the inner workings of ERC-5564 and ERC-6358, revealing how stealth addresses enhance privacy on Ethereum. Learn how these proposals enable secure, unlinkable transactions without changing the core protocol.

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